7Bagley D,Erhard M.Use of the holmium serin the upper urinarytract[J].Tech Urol, 1995,1(1):25 - 30.
8Teichman JM, Vassar GJ, Bishoff JT, et al . Holimium: YAG lithotripsy yields smaller fragments than lithoclast, Pulsed dye laser or electrorydraulic lithotrips [J].J Urol, 1998,159:17 - 23.
9Kourambs J, Delvecchio FC and Preminger GM. Low - power holmium laser of the management of urinary tract calculi, strictures and tumors [J].Jendourol, 2001, 15:529 - 532.
10Sorer M, Watterson JD, Wollin TA, et al. Holmium: YAG laser lithotripsy of upper urinary tract calculi in 598 patients[J].J Urol, 2002,167:31 - 34.
2Rocco F,Casu M, Carmignani L,et al. Long term result sofintra renal surgery for branched calculus:is such surgerys till valid. Br J Urol, 1998,81:796-798.
3Morey A F, Nitahara K S, McAninch J W. Modified anatrophic nephrolithotomy for management of staghorn calculi:is renal function preserved? J Urol, 1999,162:670- 673.
4Paik M L, Wainstein M A,Spirnak J P, et al:Current indications for open stone surgery in the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi. J Urol 1998,159:374-379.
5Holman E, Salah M A, Toth C. Comparison of 150 simultaneous bilateral and 300 unilateral precutaneous nephrlithotomies. J Endourol, 2002,16: 33- 36.
6Lam H S, Lingeman J E, Mosbaugh P G, et al. Evolution of the technique of combination therapy for staghorn calculi:A decreasing role for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. J Urol 1992,148: 1058- 1062.
8Sampaio F J B . Renal collecting system anatomy: its possible role in the effectiveness of renal stone treatment. Current Opinion in Urol,2001,11:359-366.
9[2]Jackman S V, Docimo S G,Cadeddu J A,et al. The "mini-perc" technique: a less invasive alternative to percutaneous nephrolithotomy. World J Urol,1998, 16: 371-374.
10Resorlu B, Kara C, Oguz U, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex caliceal and staghom stones in patients with solitary kidney[J]. Urological research, 2011, 39(3): 171-176.
