伊格尔顿的“文化战争”论

On Eagleton's Theory of "Culture Wars"

伊格尔顿的"文化战争"论是他对文化研究的重要观点。它奠基于伊格尔顿对威廉斯文化定义的新的阐释。来自前现代社会的文化观念在后现代社会的出场,归根到底是出于政治上的原因,当文化成了一种从政治上认真对付的力量的时候,它就在知识界占据了突出地位。于是,在后现代社会,文化战争是不可避免的。由于文化概念的多重含义,文化战争至少有三种方式:即作为文明的文化、作为同一性的文化和作为商业的和后现代的文化之间的美德、民族精神和经济学的文化战争。

In his studies on cultures, Terry Eagleton （1943 - ） has put forward an important theory, namely, the theory of culture wars, which was based on his interpretation on the definition of culture proposed by Raymond Williams （1921 -1988）. What it comes down to is the political reasons that why a cultural concept formed in pre - modem period has generated so much sensation in the post - modem society. It would posses an outstanding position when a culture has been treated seriously as a political power. Therefore, culture wars can not be avoided in the post modem society. There exist, because of the multi - definition of culture, at least three kinds of culture wars, namely, culture wars of virtue in which culture being a civilization ; culture wars of nationality in which culture being an identity ; culture wars of economy in which culture being a business and post modem phenomenon.