日本战前私立大学的发展及对我国民办高校的启示

Pre-war private university in Japan and revelations to Chinese private university

明治维新后,日本大力发展高等教育事业并取得了很大成绩。但是,由于受"官学中心主义"的影响,办学力量主要集中在国立大学上,私立大学无论在观念和政策方面都被严重地边缘化,造成了国立大学和私立大学发展严重不平衡的局面。这不但严重制约了私立大学的发展,而且也影响到了高等教育乃至整个教育事业的发展。1917年日本召开临时教育会议,从政策和法律层面正式承认私立大学,打破了对私立大学发展的束缚,从而迎来了私立大学的大发展时期。理清战前日本私立大学发展的脉络,考察近代私学的萌芽、私立专门学校的成立和近代私立大学大规模发展的历史,对方兴未艾的我国民办高等教育的发展有启示意义。

Since Meiji Restoration, Japan is devoted to the development of higher education and achieves a considerable success. Due to the official learning, however, state university attracts attention, while private university is marginalized in conceptions and policies. A conference is held in 1917 of education and private university is recognized in both legal aspect and policy in Japan, so private university is flourishing. A historical review of the development of Japanese private university before the war is expected to enlighten the Chinese private university development.