新生儿消化道出血的原因分析及护理

Cause analysis of neonate gastrointestinal hemorrhage and nursing on the patients

目的探讨新生儿消化道出血的原因及消化道出血的特点，提出针对性护理。方法对43例新生儿消化道出血的原发病、母亲孕期疾病等因素进行综合分析。结果原发病中缺血缺氧性脑病占34．9％，窒息占23．2％，新生儿肺炎占14％，宫内感染占11．6％，有缺氧史者占72．1％，母亲孕期有各种并发症者占74．4％。结论缺氧、感染与新生儿消化道出血关系密切，母亲孕期患各种疾病也要警惕新生儿消化道出血的发生，需针对各种高危因素，尽早留置胃管检查胃液，严密观察胃液颜色及性质以及大便性状，有利于消化道出血的早期发现和治疗；同时积极治疗原发病，消除应激因素，对防止胃肠功能衰竭、改善预后极其重要。

Objective To explore the cause and characteristics of neonate gastrointestinal hemorrhage and the pertinence nursing strategy for patients. Methods The cause of primary diseases and diseases in pregnancy of 43 cases of neonate gastrointestinal hemorrhage were analyzed synthetically. Results Among the 43 cases with neonate gastrointestinal hemorrhage, 34.9% was due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, 23.2% was due to neonatal asphyxia, 14% was due to neonatal pneumonia, 11.6% was due to intrauterine infection, 72.1% had hypoxia history, and 74.4% was due to pregnancy complications. Conclusion The neonate gastrointestinal hemorrhage is closely related to hypoxia, infection and diseases in pregnancy. Aiming at various high risk factors, indwelling gastric tube as soon as possible, closely observing the color of gastric juice and stool character is beneficial to the early diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage ; positive treatment of the primary diseases and eliminating stress factors is very important to prevent the gastrointestinal failure and improve prognosis.