对4个农村贫困县5岁以下儿童定期普服维生素A预防呼吸道感染和腹泻效果的前瞻性队列研究

Prospective cohort study on preventive effect of regular taking vitamin A on respiratory tract infection and diarrhea for children under five years old in four rural poverty-stricken counties

目的:探讨定期普服维生素A对儿童感染性疾病患病率的影响。方法:分层抽样选取云南省4个县3669名5岁以下儿童,调查其两周患病情况,测量身高(身长)和体重,采用SPSS13.0软件进行统计分析。结果:①患病率及相对危险度(RR):支气管炎患儿服维生素A后患病率1.1%,RR=1.5,χ2=5.5,其他各疾病患病率服维生素A组明显低于对照组(服药前),RR均大于1,差异均有统计学意义。②归因危险度百分比(AR%):服维生素A后比服维生素A前各患病率降低19.2%～81.4%;人群归因危险度百分比(PAR%)为11.1%～69.2%。③平行对照:呼吸道、消化道感染及营养不良等患病率只有急性呼吸道感染和急性腹泻的相对危险度,对照组高于试验组;服维生素A双剂量优于单剂量。结论:普服维生素A对呼吸道和肠道感染有保护效应,双剂量效果更佳。

Objective： To explore the effect of regular taking vitamin A on prevalence rate of infectious diseases in children. Methods： The prevalence rate of infectious diseases in 3 669 children under five years old were surveyed, their height and body weight were measured. The analysis was performed on SPSS 13.0 software. Results： ①Prevalence rate and relative risk （RR） ： after taking vitamin A, the prevalence rate of children with bronchitis was 1.1% , RR = 1.5, X^2 = 5.5 ; the prevalence rates of the other infectious diseases after taking vitamin A were lower than those before taking vitamin A, RR 〉 1. ②Attributable risk percentage （ AR% ） ： after taking vitamin A, the prevalence rate reduced by 19. 2% -81.4% ; and the people attributable risk （PAR%） was 11.1% -69.2%. ③Non- randomized comparision： after taking vitamin A, the prevalence rates of acute respiratory infection and acute diarrhea were lower than those before taking vitamin A. Double dose vitamin A taking was better than single dose. Conclusion： Regular taking vitamin A has protective effect on respiratory and intestinal infection, double dose is better.