糯玉米磷素分配转移特性的基因型差异

The Genetic Differences in Phosphorus Distribution and Translocation in Waxy Corn

【目的】了解糯玉米磷素分配转移规律及其与磷素吸收利用的关系,揭示磷素分配转移的基因型差异及其对产量形成的作用。【方法】以中国近年来所育成的31个糯玉米杂交种为试验材料,在同一供肥水平下研究糯玉米磷素分配转移特性的基因型差异。【结果】糯玉米生育期间磷素的分配中心是随生长中心转移而变化的,开花前主要分配在叶片和茎秆中,开花后磷素的分配中心开始由茎、叶转向雌穗,并逐渐以籽粒建成为中心。糯玉米不同品种各器官磷素转移率及其对收获产品的贡献率存在显著差异。相关分析表明,磷素转移率主要影响产量、磷素利用效率及磷收获指数的高低,而对磷素吸收总量的影响较小。通径分析表明,鲜穗、鲜籽粒高产品种叶片的磷素转移率较高,成熟籽粒高产品种茎秆和苞叶的磷素转移率较高;叶鞘的磷素转移率高有利于品种鲜穗、鲜籽粒及成熟籽粒磷素利用效率的提高,苞叶的磷素转移率高也有利于成熟籽粒磷素利用效率的提高。【结论】糯玉米磷素分配转移存在显著的基因型差异,磷素转移率主要影响产量、磷素利用效率及磷收获指数的高低,而对磷素吸收总量的影响较小。通过提高植株磷素运转率,特别是叶鞘的磷素运转率可有效提高糯玉米品种的磷素利用效率。

[ Objective ] The objective of this study is understand the regularity of phosphorus （P） distribution and translocation and their effects on P absorption and utilization, and explain the genotype differences of P distribution and translocation and their effects on the yield formation. [Method] The 31 waxy corn （Zea mays L. ceratina Kulesh） varieties released in recent years in China were planted to analyze the genotype differences of P distribution and translocation in the same fertilization condition. [ Result ] The results showed that the P distribution centre changed with the change of the growth centre in the process of growth of waxy corn. And the P mainly distributed in leaf blade and stem before silking stage, then the P distribution centre begin changed to ear after silking stage, and it changed to kernel formation gradually. Moreover, there were significant differences in the P translocation rate and the rate of P translocation in the produce of different organ among different varieties, respectively. Through correlation analysis, it was found that the P translocation rate had a dominant effect on yield, P utilization efficiency and P harvest index, but it had minor effect on total P. Through path analysis, it was found that the P translocation rate of the leaf blade was high for the varieties of high-fresh ear yield and high-fresh kernel yield, and the P translocation rate of stem and bracteal leaf was high for the varieties of high-maturity kernel yield. In addition, it was beneficial for high P utilization efficiency as for fresh ear, flesh kernel or maturity kernel of the produce that there are high P translocatrion rate of leaf sheath. [Conclusion] There were significant genotype differences of P distribution and translocation in Waxy Corn. And the P translocation rate had a dominant effect on yield, P utilization efficiency and P harvest index, but it had minor effect on total E Moreover, the P utilization efficiency can be improved through improve the P translocation rate, especially the P translocation rate of leaf sheath.