水稻稻瘟病抗性基因的分子定位及克隆研究进展

Recent Progress on Molecular Mapping and Cloning of Blast Resistance Genes in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

稻瘟病是全世界范围内影响水稻粮食生产的主要病害之一。培育和合理利用抗病品种是控制稻瘟病最经济、有效的措施。随着水稻(Oryza sativa)及稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)基因组测序的完成,水稻-稻瘟病菌的互作已成为研究植物与真菌相互作用的模式系统。在过去的50多年中,通过广泛的遗传分析,已经鉴定了84个稻瘟病抗性基因及大量的数量抗性遗传位点(quantitative trait locus)。其中,8个主效抗性基因及1个隐性部分抗性基因已被克隆。本文综述了迄今已鉴定及定位的稻瘟病抗性基因的研究情况,根据基因的定位信息将这些基因整合到一张连锁图谱中;对抗性基因簇以及簇内基因间的关系作了分析;并进一步对后基因组时代抗性基因克隆策略的变化及其对策进行了探讨。

Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. Development and use of resistant cultivars is considered as the most economical, effective and environment-friendly method to control this disease. With the availability of genomic sequences of both Oryza sativa and M. oryzae, the rice pathosystem has become the model system for dissection of interactions of plant-pathogen. Over the past 50 years, eighty-four blast resistance genes and large amount of quantitative trait locus for resistance to the pathogen have been identified through genetic analysis. Of them, eight major blast resistance genes and one recessive gene controlling partial resistance in rice have been cloned. In this review, the recent progress on molecular mapping and cloning of blast resistance genes was summarized. All the resistance genes mentioned were integrated into a genetic linkage map by compiling the information of DNA markers linked to individual resistance gene. The possible allelism relationship between resistance genes in a cluster was further discussed. In addition, the strategy for resistance gene cloning in the post-genome era was also discussed.