不同水分和氮素形态对弱筋小麦豫麦50籽粒淀粉产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响

Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Forms on Starch Yields and Starch Pasting Properties of Weak Gluten Wheat Variety Yumai 50

【目的】揭示水分和氮素形态对弱筋小麦豫麦50籽粒淀粉糊化特性的调控效应,筛选出适合弱筋小麦豫麦50淀粉品质提高的水分和氮素形态组合,为良种良法配套推广提供理论依据。【方法】在大田条件下,采用裂区设计,设置水分(3个水平)和氮素形态(3种形态)两种因素,研究不同水分和氮素形态对豫麦50籽粒淀粉产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响。【结果】增加灌水和施用铵态氮能有效提高籽粒淀粉产量。淀粉糊化特性从灌水水平看,以灌1水处理好于灌2水和灌3水处理;从施氮形态看,糊化时间和稀懈值为N3>N1>N2,峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度和反弹值施硝态氮糊化时间和稀懈值为N2>N1>N3;从水分和氮素形态互作效应看,W1N2处理峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度和反弹值最高,糊化时间和稀懈值最低,其他处理只改善粘度参数的某些指标。【结论】不同水分和氮素形态及其互作能够有效调控弱筋小麦豫麦50籽粒淀粉产量和淀粉糊化特性,淀粉产量以拔节、孕穗和灌浆期灌3水并施铵态氮最高,淀粉糊化特性以拔节期灌1水并施硝态氮效果最好。

[ Objective ] In order to reveal the regulating effects of water and nitrogen forms on paste traits of starch of weak gluten wheat variety Yumai50 and filtrate the feasible treatment which the starch quality of weak gluten wheat could be better advanced. [Method] A field experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2005, two elements including water （three levels） and nitrogen （three forms） were conducted to study the effects of water and nitrogen forms on starch yield and starch paste traits of weak gluten wheat variety Yumai50. [Result] The improving effects of raised irrigation and applied NH4＋-N on starch yields were effective, the main viscosity parameters with W1 treatment were better than that with W2 and W3 treatment, the value of PT and BD was N3 〉 N1 〉N2, and the value of PV, TV, SB and FV was N2 〉N1 〉N3. In view of the interaction of water and nitrogen forms, the values of PV, TV, SB and FV were the highest and the value of PT and BD was the lowest in jointing stage irrigation and NO3-N application treatment among all the water and nitrogen forms treatments, and there was only a certain viscosity index needs to be improved in other treatments. [Conclusion] The regulating and controling effects of different water and nitrogen forms treatments on starch yield and starch paste traits in weak gluten wheat variety Yumai50 were effective. Starch yield was highest with irrigation at jointing stage, booting stage, filling stage and NH4^＋-N application treatment, but the starch paste traits were most excellent in irrigation at jointing stage and NO3^- -N application treatment.