旅游业的环境影响综合评价与对策

COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF TOURISM

旅游业对自然环境有正反两方面的影响。反面影响包括对水体和大气环境的影响，对动植物的影响，对土壤和沙丘的侵蚀，以及影响审美。正面影响包括建立自然保护区，保护海洋、植被、湿地，促进边际土地开发和教育民众。促进旅游业永续发展的对策有：对旅游业进行选择；对旅游区进行环境规划；对旅游业的环境影响进行实验追踪；建立综合性模式研究旅游业的累积环境影响。

Tourism has negative and positive impacts on natural environment. Negative impacts include effects on water and air environment, plant and animal,soil and dune erosion,and aesthetics. Statistical results of monitoring data for the air environmental quality of Maoshan tourist site of both before and after exploitation have shown that tourism has negative impacts on air environmental quality.Statistical results and evaluation results of monitoring data for the water environmental quality of Changdanghu tourist site of both before and after exploitation have also shown that tourism has negative impacts on water environmental quality. Positive impacts include establishing natural protection areas;protecting ocean, vegetation and wetland;encouraging marginal land development and educating the masses. To ensure a permanent and sustainable tourism industry, countermeasures are:alternative tourism;environmental planning for travelling areas;experimental track for the environmental impacts of tourism; comprehensive research model for the cumulative environmental impacts of tourism.