灌溉农田节水增产对地下水开采量影响研究

Impact of irrigating farmland increase production with water save on groundwater exploitation in the plain of Hutuo River basin

据实际资料研究结果表明,近50年来滹沱河流域平原区粮食产量持续增加导致农业区地下水开采量不断增大,同时灌溉节水水平的不断提高有效地缓解了地下水开采量增加的速率。若按1953-1970年期间平均每公斤粮食生产耗用地下水开采量(3.11 m3/kg)推算,现状粮食生产规模下地下水开采量应为142.3亿m3/a,较实际开采量(24.4亿m3/a)多117.9亿m3/a,平均每5年递增11.74亿m3。以2001-2005年平均耗用地下水开采量(0.53 m3/kg)计算,粮食增产促使地下水开采量平均每5年递增2.45亿m3,平均每5年少递增9.45亿m3。因此,大力发展抗旱节水作物及高产节水技术,合理调控农业种植结构,对于缓解研究区地下水不断恶化态势具有实质性促进作用。

It is indicated that the successive grain total yield increase leads to the accordingly increasing groundwater exploitation in the plain of Hutuo River basin since 1953, and that the saving level of irrigating in the farmland is rised while the rate of groundwater exploitation is reduced. The groundwater exploitation will actually increase the grain total yield up to 142.3 × 10^8m^3/yr according to the average intensity of exploiting groundwater （3.11 m^3/kg） for the irrigating farmland from 1953 to 1970, which is 117.9 × 10^8m^3/yr more than the practical exploitation（24.4× 10^8m^3/yr）. The exploitation increases averagely 2.45 × 10^8m^3/yr in each five years by the grain increasing according to the averagly intensity of exploiting groundwater （0.53 m^3/kg） for the irrigating farmland from 2001 to 2005, and increases averagly 11.74 ×10^8m^3/yr in each five years according to the average intensity of exploiting groundwater （3.11 m^3/kg） from 1953 to 1970. Therefore, the importance means of relaxing the status of the exceed exploiting groundwater in Hebei Plain is to fight drought, water save crop energetically and to regulate reasonably the agriculture planting structure.