主成分分析法识别岩溶多重介质含水系统水化学和水动力特性——以贵州后寨岩溶典型小流域为例

Application of principal component analysis to identify the hydrodynamic and hydrochemistry characteristics in karst multi-media system——a case study on the karst in Houzhai of Guizhou

基于主成分分析,以贵州后寨典型岩溶含水系统为例,对该区1995年8月到1996年8月的10个代表性站点的20个变量进行分析,结果表明,前两个主成分综合携带了全部信息的89.3%。从变量的主成分判别平面图上得出第一主成分F1主要由Ca2+、SIc(方解石饱和指数)、SId(白云石饱和指数)、HCO3-、总硬度、Mg2+决定,第二主成分F2主要由K++Na+、Cl-、SO24-、HCO3-/SO24-、TOD、水温等决定;水流流经地层的岩性是后寨流域内岩溶含水系统水化学类型和各种水化学参数在空间和时间上变化的主要控制因素,次要因素是地下水的水动力条件特别是地下水的径流深度。水文地球化学信息对地下水系统的水动力特征分析具有指示意义,而主成分分析法耦合水动力和水化学方面的信息,为深入了解岩溶含水系统水动力化学特征提供了一种途径。

Based on principal component analysis and taken the karst multi-media in Houzhai of Guizhou as the example, the twenty variables were analyzed in ten representative stations from the year 1995 to 1996. The results show that the first two principal components carry the 89.3 % information of the whole. The first principal component is mainly decided by Ca^2＋ , SIc, SId, HCO3^- , Mg^2＋ and the total hardness, the second principal component is mainly decided by K^＋ ＋ Na^＋ , Cl^- , SO4^2- , HCO3^-/SO4^2- , TOD and water temperature. The main controlling factor on the variation of hydrochemistry type and parameters in karst multi-media is the lithology which the water flows through, and the secondary factor is hydrodynamic condition, especially the runoff depth of groundwater. The information of hydrogeochemistry has an important indicative significance on the analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics. However, the principal component analysis coupling the hydrodynamic and hydrochemistry information provides a way to understand the hydrodynamic and hydrochemistry characteristics of karst multi-media.