从“5·12”抗震看公共服务型政府与公民社会的协同合作

Probing Public Service-oriented Government and Civil Society Collaboration from the "5·12" Earthquake Resistance

公共服务型政府的构建,需要以民间组织为代表的公民社会的协同合作;而"以人为本"的共同理念,是这种协同合作的重要思想基础。从"5.12"抗震救灾过程中,可以看到在"以人为本"的基本理念指导下,以民间组织为代表的公民社会在协助政府开展公共服务方面发挥了四项重要的积极作用:即紧急出动救灾人员,提供细化多样的救灾服务,无偿提供各种人力、物力和财力资源,提供实时的信息交流与监督。民间组织在提供公共服务方面也存在着一些不足,它主要体现在准备、协调、持续性和约束性方面。政府对民间组织活动的组织和协调,应当转变以往的以管制为主的方式:应当提供激励和便利,减少障碍设置;予以引导,而不是强制命令;委托专项服务,而不是直接提供组织经费;提供法律约束和制度化监督,而不是行政化管制和心血来潮的审查。

Public service-oriented government construction, needs the collaboration of civil society that is represented by civil society organizations; and the ＂person-oriented＂ common philosophy, are important thoughts foundation of such important collaborative. From the ＂5·12＂ earthquake relief process, we can see, under the guidance of the ＂people-oriented＂ basic concepts, the civil society represented non-governmental organizations by assisting the government in public service has played an important positive four roles： that is, provides emergency rescue workers, provides the refinement diverse disaster relief service, free provides each kind of manpower, material and financial resources and provide real-time information exchange and supervision. Non-governmental organization have a number of shortcomings in the provision of public services, it is mainly reflected in the preparation, coordination, continuity and context binding. As to the organization and coordination of nongovernmental organization , the government should change the form of control： should provide incentives and convenience, reduce obstacles to set up; be guided, rather than a mandatory order; commissioned special services, rather than directly funding organizations; provide legal constraints and the institutionalization of supervision, rather than impulse control and administration of the review.