道教与中国传统农业关系略考

On the Relationship between Agriculture and Daoism

古往今来,道教与传统农业关系一直十分密切。道教继承并发扬道家的重农传统,视务农为修道的一种方式,主张农道双修,历史上曾出现不少高道论农的局面,产生不少道家农书。道教仪式的举行、崇拜的对象、使用的供品乃至仪式中的禁忌和服食均与农业密切相关。同时,各地的农业生产和经营也不同程度地受到道家、道教思想的渗透与影响。在道教法术中也蕴含一些农业科学技术思想的"合理内核"。

The article holds that the relationship between Agricultural and Taoism is a topic which is worthy of studying. Taoism succeeds and carries forward the tradition of Taoism＇s emphasis on farming, looking farming as a way for the Self-cultivating. Taoism advocates Self-cultivating between Tao and agriculture, and there have been many Taoists who talked about agriculture and composed a lot of Taoist＇ s agricultural books. The action of rite, the object of worship, the use of the offerings, and even the taboo actions and foods in the ceremony are all closely related with agriculture. At the same time, the agricultural production around the country has been influenced variously by Taoism and Taoist thinking. There are some ＂reasonable essences＂ of agricultural science and farming techniques in Taoism magic arts.