西北地区三声调方言分布特点透析

Analysis on the Distributing Feature of the Three-tones Dialect in Northwestern China

统计了西北地区131个三声调方言点,其在各行政区以及方言区的分布特点表明,西北地区方言的声调系统正在简化,东端的方言仍然保持四声调的格局,西端的方言则已经完成调类合并。西北地区三声调方言与阿尔泰语言的分布密切相关,声调系统简化是西北地区语言超音段特征的区域共性在汉语方言上的体现。

131 three-tones dialects in northwestern China, counted in this paper, their distributing feature in different regions and dialect areas show a tendency of increasing simplification in tone system of the dialects in northwestern China. Dialects near the east still maintain four-tones, while those near the west have merged in terms of tone categories. The distributing of the three-tones dialects in northwestern China is closely related to Altaian, whereas the simplifying system is an embodiment of the common regional characters of the suprasegmental features of all northwestern languages in Chinese dialects.