贵州不同生态区玉米产量性状与气候因素的初步分析

Preliminary Analysis on Relation between Climatic Factors and Yield Characters of Maize Planted Different Ecological Regions in Guizhou

针对贵州省东部地区玉米生产中存在的高温逼熟现象,继而影响到这些地区玉米的高产栽培的问题,以2003—2007年国家级西南玉米组品种区域试验结果为材料,分析了玉米产量性状在贵州5个生态条件下的反应。结果表明,各生态区经济性状的表现差异不大,空秆率在铜仁和遵义占一定比例,秃尖长的变异系数表现最大;百粒重是影响产量的主要经济性状,与产量的通径系数为1.35827,秃尖长与空秆率对产量起间接作用。产量的形成与花后日平均最高温的关系最密切,表现显著的负相关,相关系数达到-0.87116。分析表明,通过品种、播期的调控措施可以做到充分利用环境资源,发挥区域优势,实现玉米优质高产。

The maize yield characters performance in 5 different ecological regions of Guizhou province was summarized by analyzing the experiment reports of national southwest maize variety region tests from 2003 to 2007 to solve the problem of accelerating maturity under high temperature in maize production in eastern region of Guizhou. The results showed that there was no obvious difference in maize economic characters between different ecological regions, there was a certain proportion of hollow stem rate in Zunyi and Tongren region and the variance coefficient of barren tip length was the maximum. 100-grain weight was the main economic character affecting maize yield and its path coefficient was 1. 358 27. The barren tip length and hollow stem rate had the indirect effect on maize yield. There was a significant negative correlation between yield formation and mean daily maximum temperature after blossoming and its correlation coefficient was up to -0. 87116. Therefore, the countermeasure of selecting proper variety and adjusting sowing time should be used in maize production in the eastern region of Guizhou province to realize its qualitv and high yield.