利用EST-SSR标记研究黄金茶群体遗传多样性及遗传分化

Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Huangjincha Cultivar Based on EST-SSR Markers

利用19对茶树EST-SSR引物对黄金茶群体的38个单株进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。19对引物共检测到等位位点37个，每个引物1～3个，平均1．95个；期望杂合度（He）在0．03～0．65之间，平均值0．32；观测杂合度（H0）在0～0．97之间，平均值0．33；群体内的Shannon指数0．55。以上结果均说明黄金茶群体的遗传多样性较低。基于EST-SSR数据以SAHN邻接法对供试种质资源进行UPGMA遗传相似性聚类，并绘制树状聚类图，按相似系数0．77可将参试的38份种质资源分为六大类。根据不同单株间的相似系数可为黄金茶群体的遗传改良提供一定参考。同时，AMOVA分析表明，黄金茶群体的遗传变异21．77％发生在种群间，78．23％发生于单株间，不同区域的种群间基因流为1．80，这可以为黄金茶群体的保护提供一定理论依据。

The 19 pairs of EST-SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic polymorphism and genetic relationship of 38 Huangjincha individuals. Totally 37 alleles were amplified using 19 EST-SSR primers, the number of alleles per primer ranged from 1 to 3, on average of 1.95. The expected heterozygosity （He） varied from 0.03 to 0.65, and the observed heterozygosity （Ho） ranged from 0 to 0.97, on average of 0.32 and 0.33, respectively. The Shannon index of the Huangjincha was 0.55. All of the results showed that the genetic polymorphism of Huangjincha was relatively poor. The 38 individuals were classified into 6 groups based on the UPGMA method with the similarity coefficient at 0.77. The results of the similarity coefficient among different individuals can give some implications to the genetic improvement of Huangjincha. At the same time, analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） showed that variance component among groups and within populations were 21.77% and 78.23% each other, gene flow among the groups is 1.80, which all can give us some supports to protect the Huangjincha.