铝的生命周期评价与铝工业的环境影响

Life cycle assessment of aluminium and the environmental impacts of aluminium industry

介绍了生命周期评价方法及在铝的生命周期评价研究中的应用,并利用国外的研究成果对比分析了原生铝工业、再生铝工业和铝加工工业的环境影响。结果表明:(1)原生铝工业的环境影响大大超过再生铝工业和铝加工工业的环境影响;(2)铝加工工业的环境影响大于再生铝工业的环境影响;(3)在铝加工工业中,生产铝箔的环境影响最大,铝板带的环境影响最小,而铝挤压材的环境影响居中;(4)在再生铝工业中,重熔新铝废料生产再生铝的环境影响小于回收循环旧铝废料生产再生铝的环境影响;(5)电力生产和供应环节造成的环境影响在铝工业的总体环境影响中占有很大的比重。作者建议我国应针对铝工业的各个生产系统和生产环节,开展大规模的调查,建立定量的生命周期评价的基础数据系统,为我国铝工业持续地改善资源、能源与环境绩效提供有益的方向性指导和实现指标比对。

This paper introduces the life cycle assessment method and the status quo of aluminium life cycle assessment. Based on reports of aluminium life cycle assessment released by European Aluminium Association and International Aluminium Institute, the envrionmental impacts of primary aluminium industry, aluminium recycling industry, and aluminium semi - production industry are compared quantitively. Some important findings are as follows： （1） the environmental impacts of primary aluminium industry are much higher than that of aluminlum recychng industry and aluminium semiproduction industry; （2） the environmental impacts of aluminium semi - production industry are a little higher than that of aluminium recycling industry; （3） for the aluminium semi - production industry, the environmental impacts of foil production is highest, with that of aluminium extrusion production lower, and that of aluminium sheet production lowest; （3） for the aluminium recycling industry, producing recycled alurninium from old scrap brings on more environmental burdens than from new scrap; （5） a great part of environmental burdens of aluminium industry are from the production of electricity consumed by the industry. The authors suggest that the life cycle assessment method he applied in China and national LCA database of aluminium industry should be constructed, because it will help to improve the resources efficiencies and the environmental performances of China＇ s aluminium industry.