黑河下游额济纳绿洲环境退化及综合治理

DEGENERATION OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND ITS CONTROL IN EJIN OASIS AT THE LOWER REACHES OF HEIHE RIVER

黑河下游的额济纳绿洲是内蒙西部阿拉善高原的主要天然绿洲。近半个世纪特别是近１０年来，由于不合理人类活动和自然因素的双重作用，黑河下泄水量不断减少，生态环境恶化，严重影响到本地区乃至周围广大地区的持续发展。通过分析生态环境恶化的现状和原因，提出了生态环境的治理必须以水为中心，加快中游地区节水农业的发展步伐，保证下游一定量的供水，并严格控制不合理的人为活动，力争在１０～１５年内实现生态环境的良性循环。

Ejin oasis located in the lower reaches of Heihe river is a main natural oasis in Alxa Plateau western to Inner Mongolia. There is continuous degradation of eco environment in the latest half century especially in the last decade because of the effects of unreasonable human activities and harmful natural factors. It has been seriously affecting the sustainable development of this area and nearby regions. Through analysing the present situations and reasons of environment changes, it was suggested that environment protection must be centred on the water problems to popularize water efficient agriculture in the middle reaches of Heihe river for saving certain water flowing into the lower reaches. Meanwhile, the unreasonable human activities must be controlled so as to realize the favorable cycling of eco environment in 10￣15 years.