宋代官营茶马贸易制度的建构

Officially-Run Tea-Horse Trade System in Song Dynasty

茶马贸易自唐开始,始终被历代封建王朝视为一项"国之要政"。它不是一个单纯的民族间互通有无的贸易问题,还涉及到政治,军事,国防诸方面。宋代神宗熙宁年间对官方控制的茶马贸易作了制度上的规定,包括榷茶制度、组织管理机构设置和职官制度、川茶搬运制度、比价原则、禁贩制度等,形成了官营茶马贸易体制的初步格局,确保了茶马贸易的持续稳定发展。

Constantly regarded as ＂an important administration of the state＂ by the feudal dynasties of past ages, the tea-horse trade began in the Tang Dynasty. That was not a pure matter of exchanging what was needed between mations but also concerned with many such respects as politics, military affairs and national defence. During the Xining years of Shenzong（ 1065 - 1077） in the Song Dynasty, the government enacted system regulations to exert control over the tea-horse trade, which included the system of tea monopoly, the system of organizing the setting up of management institutions and assigning functional officials, the Sichuan tea removal system, price parity principles, forbidden traffic system, etc. Such formed the initial setup of the officially-run tea-horse trade system, and a steady development of the trade was thus ensured.