旅游环境承载力理论及其实践意义

A STUDY ON THE THEORY AND APPLICATION OF TOURISM ENVIRONMENTAL BEARING CAPACITY

本文从影响旅游环境承载力的社会—文化环境、社会—心理环境和生态—经济环境诸因子分析入手，构建了旅游承载力指数（ＴＢＣＩ）及运算模式。作者认为，在某一旅游地环境的现存状态和结构组合不发生对当代人和未来人有害变化的前提下，在当地居民心理承受范围之内，在一定时期内旅游地所能承受的旅游活动强度，称之为旅游环境承载力（ＴＥＢＣ），它包括三个基本分项指数——游客密度、旅游用地强度和旅游收益强度指数等。而表征旅游承载力强度的无量纲指标称为旅游承载力指数，它是旅游业是否可持续发展的重要判据。本文较深入地探讨了旅游环境承载力的理论和表示方法，以试图建立起比较规范化的理论模型。文章最后进行了简单的案例分析。

Beginning with such factors as social cultural background, social economic background, ecological and social psychological background which influence tourism bearing capacity, the article puts out the tourism bearing capacity index and its arithmetic model of operation and gives out a case of its application. The authors define the tourism environmental bearing capacity as the bearing intensity of tourism destination during a period which doesn't do harm to the present and future people in its current state and which can be accepted by the residents. The bearing intensity of tourism destination mainly includes three sub class indexes: the tourist density, the tourism land use intensity and the tourism income value. To calculate the tourism Activity Intensity in a comprehensive indicator, the Tourism Bearing Capacity index is defined by the authors as a non—dimension value which can be an assessment indicator for sustainable tourism.