市场结构与横向产品差别化的相互关系分析

Relationship between Market Structure and Horizontal Product Differentiation

产品差别化对市场结构的形成有很大的作用,经典的豪特林模型只得出了产品差别最小化和最大化原则,由此模型得到的市场结构为完全竞争市场和寡头垄断市场,但垄断竞争市场却无法得到。文章在豪特林模型的基础上构造出统一框架,不但分析产品最大和最小差别情况,而且提出中间程度差别化的分析模型,得出所对应的三种市场结构,尤其是中间程度的差别化对应的垄断竞争市场。对这三种市场结构进行社会福利分析,得出在消费者不同质时,相对于完全竞争市场,垄断竞争市场是相对较好的选择。

Product difference highly affects market structure. The classical theory model- Hotelling＇ s Model has only achieved the principle of minimal and maximal product differentiation, and the market structure based on the model is the complete competition market and the monopoly market without the monopoly competition market. This paper points out a unified frame based on Hotelling＇ s Model, not only analyzing the biggest and minimum difference of product circumstance, but also putting forward an analysis model of middle product differentiation, and ending up with three corresponding markets, especially with the monopoly competition market corresponding to middle product differentiation. Then the paper analyzes these three kinds of circumstances in terms of social welfare, coming to a conclusion that with different quality of customers and compared with complete competition market, monopoly competition market is a better choice.