中国古代科学的产业基础:工商业的特殊垄断性

Industrial Basis of Ancient Chinese Science: Specially Monopolized Industry and Commerce

目前关于中国古代产业对科学发展影响的主要理论,未把社会学分析与认识论哲学分析结合起来,因此在各产业对科学的作用地位、机制方面,这些理论均存认识不全面、不准确、不彻底的缺陷。从科学创新的内部动力机制入手,以这种机制为导向考察科学与产业的关系,进而以这种关系为线索追溯影响中国古代科学发展的根本产业特征。中国古代科学发展同中国古代工商业的性质是相关的:中国古代工商业总体上属于特殊的垄断类型,这种类型导致技术革新动力不足,从而缺乏对科学的兴趣和支持。

The main theories on the influence of ancient Chinese industry on the ancient Chinese science don＇ t combine the social analysis with the epistemological analysis so that they are not all-around, thorough or accurate on the degree and mechanism of the influence. Therefore, the internal motivate mechanism of scientific innovation is first discussed. Then research on the relation between science and industry on the result of that is carried out, and finally research on the prime earmark of the industry and commerce of ancient China that influence ancient Chinese science is done. It is proved that it is the anthority-monopolized earmark of the industry and commerce of ancient China that prevents the ancient Chinese science from evolving into tatter-day science.