渔用阿维菌素水乳剂的安全性和药效评价

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of abamectin emulsion in water for aquaculture

采用半静态法研究了渔用新制剂阿维菌素水乳剂(EW)对鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、银鲫(Carassius auratus)和麦穗鱼(Peudorasbora parva)的急性毒性实验及其对患病草鱼(Ctenophayngodon idellas)、银鲫体表锚头鳋的药效实验,且二者均以相同阿维菌素含量的乳油(EC)为参照进行对比,旨在评价水产养殖用阿维菌素水乳剂对养殖鱼类的安全性及其驱虫效果。结果显示,2%阿维菌素水乳剂对鲢、银鲫和麦穗鱼的96 h-LC50分别为2.15 mg/L、1.15 mg/L和1.83 mg/L,安全浓度分别为0.22 mg/L、0.12 mg/L和0.18 mg/L;而对应乳油96 h-LC50为0.98 mg/L、0.57 mg/L和1.08 mg/L,安全浓度为0.09 mg/L、0.06 mg/L和0.1 mg/L。对患锚头鳋的草鱼、银鲫施用0.05 mg/L2%阿维菌素水乳剂后6 h的校正防效分别为96.27%、91.88%,24 h即达到100%、96.15%;施用0.025 mg/L 2%阿维菌素水乳剂后6 h的校正防效分别为43.65%、68.58%,24 h达到91.56%、90.80%;而施用0.05 mg/L 2%阿维菌素乳油对应的校正防效分别为47.31%、77.46%和95.69%、91.62%,可见相同含量的水乳剂驱虫效果优于乳油。

In this article, acute toxicity was compared between abamectin emulsion in water （EW）and emulsifiable concentrate （EC） to Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Carassius auratus and Peudorasbora parva by semi-static state method. The efficacy between abamectin EW and EC was also evaluated using them to cure Ctenophayngodon idellas and Carassius auratus which were infected with aquatic parasites--Lernaea. The results showed the 96h-LC50 of 2% abamectin EW to Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Carassius auratus and Peudorasbora parva were 2.15 mg/L, 1.15 mg/L and 1.83 mg/L, respectively;and the safety concentrations were 0.22 mg/L,0.12 mg/L and 0.18 mg/L, respectively. While the 96h-LC50 of 2% abamectin EC were 0.98 mg/L,0. 57 mg/L and 1.08 mg/L; the safety concentrations were 0.09 rag/L,0.06 mg/L and 0. 1 mg/ L. Abamectin EW is much safer than EC. After using the two formulations （ EW and EC） of abamectin, the population size of Lernaea which parasitized Ctenophayngodon idellas and Carassius auratus had a sharp decline in a short time, especially the 0.05 mg/L 2% abamectin EW, and in six hours the decreasing rate of the quantities of Lernaea on Ctenophayngodon idellas and Carassius auratus were 96.27% and 91.88%. While the decreasing rate of 0. 0251mg/L 2% abamectin EW and 0.05 mg/L 2% abamectin EC were 43.65%, 68.58% and 47. 31%, 77. 46%. In 24 hrs the decreasing rate of the quantities of Lernaea on Ctenophayngodon idellas and Carassius auratus were 100%, 96. 15% ; while the rate of 0. 025 mg/L 2% abamectin EW and 0.05 mg/L 2% abamectin EC were 91.53% ,90.90% and 96.08% ,91.66%. It suggested that abamectin EW has a much better efficacy than EC which has the same content of abamectin .