应用Dextroscope虚拟现实技术研究岩骨内解剖

Application of Dextroscope Virtual Reality in Anatomical Research of Inner Structures in Petrosal Bone

目的:通过岩骨的虚拟和实际解剖的对比性研究,探索虚拟现实(VR)技术在岩骨解剖研究中的价值。方法:实验分虚拟组和尸体组,每组标本均为20例。虚拟组将成人尸头标本CTA、MR等影像数据载入Dextroscope工作站,模拟岩骨显微解剖;尸体组在显微镜下进行相应的解剖,分别比较两组岩骨内结构定位数据。结果:内耳门前缘在岩骨嵴上投影点至弓状隆起与岩骨嵴交点、外耳道上缘中点距离,虚拟组分别为(24.23±2.88)mm和(40.65±4.48)mm;尸体组为(23.62±2.82)mm和(42.15±5.13)mm(P>0.05)。虚拟组中耳蜗前缘至颧弓根和颈内动脉膝部距离分别为(27.15±3.25)mm和(4.15±0.52)mm;尸体组则为(28.35±4.05)mm和(4.50±0.54)mm(P>0.05)。由外向内,岩段颈内动脉3个亚段前缘至达岩骨嵴距,虚拟组分别为(12.20±1.42)mm、(8.63±0.94)mm和(5.42±0.63)mm;尸体组为(10.68±1.24)mm、(8.62±0.92)mm和(5.69±0.61)mm(P>0.05)。结论:个体化虚拟解剖所测得关键数据与实际解剖测量值高度吻合,VR技术实现岩骨的个体化虚拟解剖具有可靠性。

Aim： To evaluate the application of virtual reality technology in anatomical study of inner structures of petrosal bones, the comparison of three dimensional （3-D） virtual microanatomy and actual microanatomy of petrosal bone was carried out. Methods： The experiment was divided into two groups, virtual group and corpus group, 20 cases in each group. In virtual group, images data of cadaver heads were loaded into Dextroscope workstation and dissecting of the virtual petrosal bone was simulated. In corpus group, actual dissecting of petrosal bone on the cadaver heads was examined under microscope correspondingly. The data of locating internal auditory meatus, cochlear and internal carotid artery in the two groups were compared. Results： The distances from the projecting point on petrosal crest of anterior margin of internal auditory meatus to the intersection of arcuate eminence and petrosal crest, the midpoint of superior margin of external auditory meatus were （24.23 ± 2.88）mm and （40.65± 4.48）mm in virtual group respectively, those were （23.62 ± 2.82）mm and （39.35 ± 4.83）mm in corpus group, respectively （P〉0.05）. The distances from the anterior margin of cochlea to the root of zygomafic arch and geniculate part of internal carotid arteries were （27.15 ± 3.25）mm and （4.15 ± 0.52） mm in virtual group, those were （28.35 ± 4.05）mm and （4.50 ± 0.54） mm in corpus group respectively（P〉0.05）. The distances from the petrosal crest to the anterior margin of the three sub-segments were （12.20 ± 1.42）mm, （8.63 ± 0.94）mm and （5.42 ± 0.63）mm in virtual group, respectively, those were （10.68 ± 1.24）mm, （8.62 ± 0.92）mm, and （5.69 ± 0.61） mm in corpus group, respectively（P〉0.05）. Conlusion： The data measured in virtual group was highly coincided with the data in corpus group verified by statistics. Virtual anatomy of petrosal bone realized by virtual reality technology is reliable.