耕作活动对坡耕地径流及产沙的影响

Influence of Cultivation Activities on the Runoff and Erosion on Slopeland

通过对西峰、长武、耀县、彬县、淳化等水土保持试验站农地径流场多年观测资料的统计分析，研究了黄土高原沟壑区不同耕作措施及生物措施情况下坡面径流量、径流系数、下渗量以及产沙量，发现不同措施对坡面径流及产沙量的影响不同。以水平犁沟等高垄作，点播，低杆作物或高中杆与低杆作物间作或套作为最好。其保土效益依次为：≤３°缓坡地，耕作方法＞播种方式＞牧草＞作物种类；≤２０°陡坡地，牧草＞播种方式＞耕作方法＞作物种类。

On the basis of statistical analysis of long duraton experiment data in runoff plots of Xifeng,Changwu,Yaoxian and Chunhua counties, the runoff ,runoff ratio,perneatation and soil loss on slopeland with different cultivation activities and biologic measures in the gullied loess plateau have been stuied.The results showed that the influences of different measures on runoff and soil loss were different.The soil and water conservation benefits of coutour furrow—and ridge planting,acupoint sowing,space—cultivation or interplanting between low or tall stem crops and low—stem crops were the best, and the orders were:cultivation method>sowing type>artificial grass>crop species on slopeland with≤3°;artificial grass>sowing type>cultivation method>crop species on slopland with≤20°.In addition,by modeling rain experiments in labortory,the runoff processes on slope with particular cultivation methods have also been studied and it has been testified that the principles of cultivation measures conservating soil and water were their capacities of reducing runoff,erosion force and intercepting sediment.