中枢神经纳米载药系统的研究进展

Recent Advances of Drug Nano-carriers Based on Central Nervous System

许多亲水性的药物,如一些抗生素、抗肿瘤药物和神经肽类在全身性给药后不能透过血脑屏障(BBB)。药物修饰、渗透性方式打开脑毛细血管内皮和选择性的给药方式(颅内给药)都是常用的提高药物进入中枢神经系统(CNS)的方法。而通过纳米载药系统,包括脂质体、固态多聚体纳米颗粒或者固体脂质纳米颗粒等,不仅可以帮助药物透过BBB,同时可以控制药物释放,延缓药物的化学及酶类降解速度。同时纳米载药系统可以降低药物对外周组织的毒性,在提高药物靶向性方面具有非常广阔的应用前景。本文简要介绍了CNS纳米载药系统的研究进展及临床应用状况。

Most of hydrophilic therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or neuropeptides do not cross the blood brain barrier（BBB） after systemic administration. Drug modification, osmotic opening of cerebral capillary endothelium, and alternative routes for administration have been mostly used to enhance drug transport to the central nervous system （CNS）. Through the use of nanocarriers, such as liposomes and solid polymeric or lipid nanoparticles can not only mask the BBB limiting characteristics of the therapeutic drug molecule, but also protect the drug from chemical/enzymatic degradation, and additionally provide the opportunity for sustained release characteristics. Reduction of toxicity to peripheral organs can also be achieved with these nanocarriers. The various barriers for drug delivery to the CNS and the current state of nanocarriers for enhancing drug transport into the CNS were reviewed.