论儒家祭祀观念的内向化

The Internalization of Sacrificial Idea of Confucianism

东周时期,儒家内向探求祭祀的价值之源,认为祭祀是人心自然的欲求,并以人心与内在之情作为祭祀的合理依据。这一内求一系的学者,主张祭祀"内尽于己",实践"仁"、"孝",从而成就主体之德性。由于天与人心存在紧密的联系与贯通,这一尽心成德的思想其实也蕴含着祭祀主体上达天命的自觉与内向超越意识。

During the East Zhou period, the Confucians sought for the value of sacrifice inward, and believed that the sacrificial offering originated from natural inward feeling, and took sacrificial offerings as reasonable basis for the kind heart and the intrinsic feeling. The school advocated that the sacrificial offerings should give his full attention and achieve morality through the practice of benevolence and filial piety. This introspective inquiry went straight to the conscience, and had characteristics of valuing heart and feeling. This thought contained a voluntary response to the Heaven order and awareness of introversion transcendence of sacrificial offering because of the linkage between the Heaven and human heart.