明清中原土地开发对生态环境的影响

The Influence of the Land Exploitation of Central Plain in the Period of Ming and Qing Dynasties on the Ecological Environment

明清时期,中原人为人口持续增长所驱动,继续采用毁林造田、扩大耕地面积、增加粮食产量的方式解决生计问题,由此造成自然环境质量日趋恶化,地上生物资源减少,破坏了人类生存与社会可持续发展所应具有的良好环境。此情此景,引起有识之士探讨了与土地、林业与环境、林业与河患以及风沙与农业的关系。为了遏制上述局面的发展,有些中原地方官员发出保护林木与植树造林的呼吁,并提出应对措施。但上述努力并未被社会所关注,为后世留下了诸多隐患。

In the period of Ming and Qing dynasties, being driven by the sustained increase of population, the people of Central Plain continuously made farmland by means of destroying forests so as to increase the foodstuff output, which caused the serious flood and drought disasters to increase, the large area of land quality to continuously degenerate, the water line system to be destroyed, the river traffic to be blocked, the natural environment quality to get worse day by day, the ecological resources to decrease and the good conditions depending on which man can live and the society can continuously develop to be destroyed. Such conditions mentioned above caused some learned people to investigate the relation between man and land, forest industry and environment, forest industry and the river disaster and the wind - sand and the agriculture. In order to prevent the above conditions from developing, some local government officials appealed for protecting forests and trees and planting trees and making forests ; in addition, combining with the facts of Central Plains, they also put forward real means; but the above hard works were not taken seriously by the society then, which left many hidden troubles to the following generations.