地下水硝酸盐污染原位微生物修复技术研究进展

The progress of in-situ microbial remediation for removal nitrate from groundwater

对于地下水中硝酸盐污染,原位微生物修复技术是一种有发展潜力、效率高且投资少的环境修复技术。但是这种技术也受一些因素的限制。对渗透反应墙技术进行了回顾,讨论了该技术中的有机碳源、电子供体和反硝化细菌的固定等问题,用实例说明应用该技术时需要注意的问题和监测参数,对注射井技术修复地下水硝酸盐污染进行了简单讨论。最后指出,应用微生物法修复地下水硝酸盐污染时要注意细菌污染和修复过程中含水层的渗透性降低或堵塞问题,应加强对治理大面积地下水硝酸盐污染在经济和技术上的可行性论证和研究。

In-sire microbial remediation is a promising and economically effective technique for dealing with nitrate contamination of groundwater. However, this technique can also be limited by some factors. The technique of permeable reactive barrier （PRB） is reviewed especially in this paper, and the issues concerning organic carbon sources, electron donors and fixation of denitrifying bacteria in the application of PRB are also discussed. The noticeable problems and important parameters in PRB were demonstrated by real projects. The injection well technique for remediating nitrate contamination of groundwater is also briefly discussed. It is suggested that the consequent microbial contamination and decrease of permeability or clogging of aquifer media should be considered carefully when in-situ microbial remediation is used. The economical and technical feasibility of PRB should be validated and investigated on a regional scale to remedy nitrate contamination of groundwater.