不同程度抑郁状态大学生反事实思维特点的初步研究

Spontaneous and induced counterfactual thinking in undergraduate students with depressive symptoms

目的探讨不同程度抑郁状态大学生的自发和诱发反事实思维的特点。方法采用自我报告法、故事脚本法和反事实思维推理测试(counterfactual inference test,CIT)。被试分为4组(正常对照组、轻度抑郁状态组、中度抑郁状态组和重度抑郁状态组),均完成自发反事实思维试验和诱发反事实思维试验及CIT测试,并对反事实思维的数量和合理性及CIT的得分进行比较分析。结果①在数量方面,轻度抑郁状态组的自发反事实思维数量明显多于正常对照组、中度和重度抑郁状态组(P<0.05,P<0.01),重度抑郁状态组自发反事实思维数量明显少于正常对照组(P<0.05);而各组产生的诱发反事实思维的数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②在合理性方面,各组自发反事实思维的合理性差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且随着抑郁程度的加重,其合理性明显降低;而诱发反事实思维的合理性仅重度抑郁状态组明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01),其他组别之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。③在CIT得分方面,重度抑郁状态组明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),而其他组别之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论随着抑郁程度的加重,抑郁状态大学生产生自发反事实思维的数量逐渐减少,合理性逐渐降低。不同程度抑郁状态大学生产生的诱发反事实思维数量均无明显差异,而重度抑郁状态大学生诱发反事实思维合理性明显低于正常大学生。

Objective To investigate the properties of the abilities of spontaneous counterfactual thinking （SCFT） and induced counterfactual thinking （ICFT） produced by undergraduate students with depressive symptoms. Methods Undergraduates were induced to produce SCFT after recalling a negative event and ICFT after reading a story about a traffic event. Then the undergraduates were demanded to complete the counterfactual inference test （CIT）. The amount and rationality of CFT and the scores of CIT were analyzed. Results Mild depressive students （MDS） generated a higher amount of SCFT than non-depressive students （ NDS）, midrange depressive students and severe depressive students （SVDS） （P 〈0.01 ）, and SVDS generated the lowest （P 〈 0.05 ）. No difference was found in the amount of ICFT generated by all students （ P 〉 0.05）. The rationality of SCFT generated by four groups were significantly different（P 〈 0.01 ）. The higher the level of depression was, the lower the rationality of SCFT was. ICFT generated by SVDS were rated as less reasonable than that of NDS （P 〈 0.05 ） , and there was not different on the rationality of ICFT generated by NDS, midrange depressive students and SVDS （P 〈 0.05 ）. The scores of CIT of SVDS were significantly less than those of NDS （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Depressive students＇ ability to generate reasonable SCFT becomes low in a severity- dependent manner. The ability of induced CVF produced by SVDS is significantly lower as compared with that of NDS.