施肥和耕作措施对大豆产量及其构成因素的影响

Effect of Fertilization and Tillage Measure on Soybean Yield and Its Composition Factor

[目的]为提高旱地粮食产量和降水资源利用率提供科学依据。[方法]在全方位振动深松地块和常规中耕地块2个对照的基础上,设置氮、磷、钾3因素4水平试验,研究不同施肥、耕作措施对大豆产量及其构成因素的影响。[结果]通过田间试验发现,不同肥料处理,土壤经过全方位振动深松有利于提高大豆产量,而且增施氮肥和磷肥的效果更显著。振动深松耕作条件下,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对大豆百粒重的影响依次是N>P>K,其中N2(167.3 kg/hm2)、N3(240.0 kg/hm2)、P2(133.9 kg/hm2)、P3(192.0 kg/hm2)、K1(125.1 kg/hm2)、K2(200.8kg/hm2)处理对大豆百粒重的增加效果明显;常规中耕条件下,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥对大豆百粒重的影响依次是P>K>N,其中P0(0)、P1(83.4kg/hm2)、P2(133.9 kg/hm2)、K2(200.8 kg/hm2)处理对大豆百粒重的增加效果明显。[结论]合理配施N、P、K及全方位振动深松耕作技术对于保证大豆稳产、高产具有重要的意义。

[Objective] The scientific basis of the food crop yield-increasing in dry-land and high-efficiency utilization of the precipitation resource was provided. [ Method] Based on two CKs： the land vibrated with all-round for deep loosening and the conventional tillage land, the effect of the different fertilizations and cultivation measures on the soybean yield and its composition factor was analyzed with the deign of 3 factors： nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and 4 application amounts. [Results] It was fotmd that the trcamaent of different fertilizations could improve soybean yield because of the loosening land after vibration, and the significant effect was come from nitrogenous and phosphate fertilization-ilrereasing. Under the condition of the loosening land after vibration, the impact of fertilization on soybean 100-soed weight was nitrogen fertilizer 〉 phosphate fertilizer 〉 potash fertilizer, among which, the treatment of N2（167.3 kg/hm^2） ,N3（240.0 kg/hm^2） ,P2（133.9 kg/hm^2） ,P3（192.0 kg/hm^2） ,K1（125.1 kg/hm^2） and K2（200.8 kg/hm^2） could produce the significant efficiency on soybean 100-seed weight. Under the condition of conventional tillage land, the impact of fertilization on soytbean 100-sced weight was phosphate fertilizer 〉 potash fertilizer 〉 nitrogen fertilizer, among which, the significant impact on soybean 100-seed weight was in the treatment of P0 （0） ,P1（83.4 kg/hm^2） ,P2（133.9 kg/hm^2） and K2（200.8 kg/hm^2）. [Conclusion] The reasonable fertilization and a full range of vibration for soft land was great significance in soybean stable and high yield.