高效环保型有机肥对日光温室番茄生长发育影响的研究

Effect of High-efficiency and Environment-friendly Type of Organic Fertilizer on the Tomato Growth and Development in Greenhouse

[目的]研究对“千代田”牌有机肥料在日光温室番茄植物上的应用效果，为生产绿色番茄提供理论参考。[方法]育苗以施化肥为对照，采用施有机肥4、5、6、7kg/m^3处理，研究育苗效果；栽培以纯施农家肥为对照，采用施有机肥2250、3300、4350、5400kg/hm^2，并配施一少量化肥处理，研究其增产效果。[结果]试验结果表明，“千代田”牌有机肥在番茄育苗过程中可以代替化肥，以施用6～7kg/m^3“千代田”牌有机肥育苗效果良好；以施用4350—5400kg／hm^3的“千代田”牌有机肥做基肥，用300kg／hm^2速效复合肥做追肥，番茄植株长势旺盛。产量提高，较对照增产12．86％～15．44％。[结论]施“千代田”牌有机肥料既能提高番茄产量和品质，还能克服传统农家肥料效慢、费时费工的问题，是较理想的有机肥。

[ Objective ] The effect of the organic fertilizer - brand of Chiyoda on the tomato plants in greenhouse was investigated for the provision of a the- oretical reference for its application in green food production. [ Method] In tomato seedling-raising, the chemical fertilizer was applied as the CK and the efficiency of tomato seedling-raising was compared with four treatments： Treatment Ⅰ,organic fertilizer of 4 kg/m^3 ;Treatment Ⅱ,5 kg/m3;Treatment Ⅲ,6 kg/m^3 ;and Treatment Ⅳ,7 kg/m^3. In tomato cultivation, the pure manure as the CK, there were four treamaents： Treatment No. 1, organic fertilizer of 2 250 kg/m^2 ;Treatment No.2,3 300 kg/m^2 ;Trcatrnent No.3,4 350 kg/m^2;and Treatment No.4,5 400 kg/m^2,whieh were mixed with a small amount of chemical fertilizer for the analysis of tomato yield-increasing. [ Results] The results showed that the chemical fertilizer could be replaced by the organic fertilizer in the process of tomato seedling-raising and the best efficiency of tomato seedling-raising could be formed in the application amount of the organic fertilizer： 6- 7 kg/m^3. In tormto cultivation in field,the tomato plants grew well and its yield was inlpmved,which was increased for 15.44% - 12.86% more than that of the CK while the application of the organic fertilizer as basic fertilizer was 4 350 - 5 400 kg/hm^2 and the quicldy-efficiency compound fertilizer as dressing,300 kg/hm^2. [ Conclusion] Tne application of the organic fertilizer Chiyeda could improve tomato yield and quality and overcome the shortage of slow efficiency,time and labor-consuming in application of traditional farm manure.The brand was a better organic fertilizer.