商丘市人工增雨潜力及效益分析

Analysis on the Potentiality and Benefit of Artificial Precipitation Enhancement in Shangqiu City

[目的]分析商丘春秋两季的空中水资源分布特征、人工增雨潜力及效益。[方法]通过计算、分析代表站的各标准层等压面的水汽含量研究商丘市的人工增雨潜力及效益。[结果]3月份的水汽含量不到是5月份的一半，9月份的水汽含量是11月份的2～3倍。Ⅰ区的水汽含量比Ⅱ区少2～4k∥m^2。在春季Ⅰ区的整层水汽含量为44．92kg／m^2，Ⅱ区的整层水汽含量为56．34kg／m^2，Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区的水汽含量差异为11．42kg/m^2。在秋季，Ⅰ区的整层水汽含量为39．74kg／m^2，Ⅱ区的整层水汽含量为53．25kg／m^2，I区和Ⅱ区的水汽含量差异为13．51kg／m^2。适宜增雨作业的云层高度为3000～5500rn。6月份的增雨潜力最大，8月份的增雨潜力最小。[结论]人工增雨是一条综合利用空中水资源补充地表水资源的有效途径。

[ Objective] The purpose was to analyze the distribution characteristic of water resource in the air and the potentiality and benefit of artificial precipitation enhancement in Shangqiu in spring and autumn. [Method] The potentiality and benefit of artificial precipitation enhancement in Shangiu City was studied through calculating and analyzing the water vapor contents in the sobaric surface of each standard layer of representative station. [ Result] The water vapor content of Mar. was less than the half of that of May. The water vapor content of Sep. was 2 - 3 times of that of Nov. The water vapor content in Area 1 was reduced by 2-4 kg/m^2 in comparison with Area 2, In spring, the water vapor content in the whole layer in Area 1 was 44.92 kg/m^2, that in Area 2 was 56.34 kg,/m^2 and their difference was 11.42 kg/m^2. In auturma, the water vapor content in the whole layer in Area 1 was 39.74 kg/m^2, that in Area 2 was 53.25 kg/m^2 and their difference was 13.51 kg/m^2. The cloud height suitable for precipitation enhancement operation was 3 000- 5 500 m. The precipitation enhancement potentiality of Jun. was greatest and that of Aug. was least. [Conclusion] Artificial precipitation enhancement was an effective approach for supplementing surface water resource by utilizing the water resource in the air comprehensively.