“大森林三部曲”的生态伦理悖论

The Contradiction of Eco-Ethics in Faulkner's Trio of Hunting Tales

历来福克纳研究学者对其"大森林三部曲"持肯定的态度,认为小说中作家不仅揭示了美国南方从农业社会向资本主义工商业社会转型过程中自然的生态破坏性,并通过主人公艾克.麦卡士林放弃祖先罪恶财产的作为,批判了资本主义工业文明核心即私有制的罪恶等问题。但笔者通过福克纳的自然观透视,荒野意象在小说中的重新考察,以及主人公艾克.麦卡士林人生经历的分析,认为作品体现了人类中心主义思想的主题意义召唤。一方面福克纳质疑和反思了资本主义工商文明对荒野的生态破坏性,但另一方面他的思想和创作并未超越他的时代、他的阶层以及他的种族,并未摆脱白人中心主义思想的桎梏,表现出作家思想的矛盾性和复杂性。

Overall, critics hold a positive view on Faulkner＇ s Trio of Hunting Tales in which Faulkner depicts the destruction of nature in the transitional era from rural to industrial and urban society and also criticizes the private ownership by means of Ike＇ s denunciation of his inheritance. However, in light of Faulkner＇ s overall viewpoint on nature, the reexamination of the image of wilderness and the analysis of Ike＇ s life experience, the author of the thesis concludes that the work is distinctly anthropocentric. Although Faulkner questions and introspects the destruction of nature by industrial civilization, his literary creations fail to transcend his era and his race and evince his contradictory and complex view on eco-ethics.