在线学习能力的本质及构成

The Nature and Components of Online Learning Ability

在线学习能力是学习者个体的综合素质在在线学习过程中表现出来的、正确驾驭在线学习活动的实际本领、能量和熟练水平,是通过各种渠道培养和完善起来的适应在线学习需求、完成在线学习任务所需要的有效方式,是影响个体发展和在线学业成绩的一种积极的力量。在线学习能力不仅具有认知能力及知识应用能力等一般学习能力的表层表现,而且具有与信息技术能力及学习策略水平、沟通能力、合作能力和个性等非智力因素相联系的深层因素。根据在线学习过程及学习环境与资源的特点,可以重点从五个维度来分析在线学习能力的构成,即元认知能力维度、学习策略水平维度、知识迁移能力维度、信息素养维度及学习资源管理能力维度。其中,元认知能力是构成在线学习能力的基础,学习策略水平和知识迁移能力是在线学习能力的核心,信息素养和学习资源管理能力是保证在线学习成功的重要条件,是开展在线学习不可或缺的能力。

Online learning ability refers to learners' ability to perform learning activities online as instructed. It is a factor influencing learners' development and online performance. Online learning ability covers general learning ability such as cognitive ability and knowledge application ability, as well as such non-intelligent factors as IT literacy, use of learning strategy, communication ability, collaboration ability, and personality. In the light of the process and environment of online learning, online learning ability is composed of skills in the following five dimensions: metacognition, learning strategy employment, knowledge transfer, information literacy, and learning resource management. Metacogntive skills form the basis of online learning ability, while learning strategy employment and knowledge transfer are its core components, and information literacy and learning resource management are the pre-conditions of success.