先秦两汉商人分层之变迁及其政策分析

Analysis of Changes and Policy of Stratification of the Entrepreneur from Pre-Qin to Han Dynasty

春秋战国至西汉前期,商人分层呈多样化,素商、政商、儒商、黑商均占有一定比例,且素商居多。西汉后期至东汉,政商比例逐渐增大,且分层趋向单一化。这个趋势说明在封建社会,商业的发展不能完全随着商品经济的发展而前行,统治阶层在政策上的抑制或放任会随时影响到商业发展,继而影响商人的构成类型。与此同时,商品经济的发展趋势也会对统治阶层的决策产生影响,在这内外两种力量的交错影响下,商人分层也会随之改变。

As a social class, entrepreneur experienced various changes from Spring and Autumn to Han Dynasty. From Spring and Autumn period to early Western Han Dynasty, the four all had occupied a certain percentage, and Grass-roots entrepreneur was in the majority. From late Western Han Dynasty to Eastern Han Dynasty, the proportion of political entrepreneur was gradually increasing. This trend showed that in a feudal society, commercial development could not be fully with the development of commodity economy, the ruling class in the policy of laissez-faire or inhibited at any time would affect commercial development, then the impact of the entrepreneur. But at the same time, the trend of the commercial development would have an impact on the decision-making, in which both inside and outside, under the influence the stratification of the entrepreneur would also change.