论英国斯图亚特王朝早期的宪政斗争

On the Constitutional Struggles in Early Stuart England

英国斯图亚特王朝早期下议院与王权的宪政斗争主要体现在确立议会主权和争取法治两个方面。第一个方面主要围绕着财政冲突、弹劾国王的宠臣和争取议会特权等三项内容而展开,实质是解决议会与国王双方的宪政矛盾。第二个方面主要表现为争取司法独立的斗争,实质是专制王权和法治两种本质对立因素的你死我活的激烈斗争。中等阶层的壮大和货币经济的发展,是这一时期英国宪政斗争的根本原因。

The constitutional struggles between the House of Commons and the British monarchy in early Stuart England are mainly viewed from the two aspects of establishment of parliamentary sovereignty and striving for Rule of Law. The first aspect of the two centers on three issues of financial conflict, impeachment of King＇s minions and struggle for parliamentary privileges, which are in nature the reflection of the constitutional conflict between Parliament and Monarch. As for the second aspect, the life-and-death struggle are due to the contradiction between absolute monarchy and rule of law. The growing of middle class and development of monetary economy contribute mostly to the England constitutional struggles during that period of time.