地表臭氧浓度增加对南京地区冬小麦生长和产量的影响

Impacts of Increasing Surface Ozone on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat in Nanjing Area

利用改进后的开顶式气室(OTC),开展了O3浓度增加对冬小麦生长与产量影响的大田实验研究。实验设置三种处理:CK为未经处理的空气,CF100处理O3浓度为100nL/L,CF150处理O3浓度为150nL/L。结果表明,地表O3浓度增加,冬小麦生育期缩短,籽粒的灌浆期缩短,植株提前老化;同时,冬小麦的株高、生物量、叶面积等生长指标均显著下降(p<0.05),最大降幅分别达到了10.01%、36.56%和29.17%;冬小麦的穗数、穗粒数、单位面积产量等产量指标也都出现了显著下降(p<0.05),其中CF100、CF150处理的单位面积产量分别比CK下降了16.11%和39.17%。试验结果对于评估地表O3浓度增加对粮食安全的影响具有重要的指导意义。

In order to study the effects of increasing surface ozone （ O3 ） concentrations on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Nanjing area, the winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv） was grown in top-open field chambers and exposed to treated and non-treated ambient air during the whole life cycle. There were three control groups and the wheat was followed by exposing to unfiltered air （CK）, and two treatments with ozone concentration with 100nL/L and 150nL/L （CF100 and CF150）respectively. Each of the treatments was repeated for three times. The results showed that the increasing of ozone concentration caused the change of growing period and the plant premature aging, while the grain filling stage shortened and the growth period shortened either. The height, dry weight and the leaf area of the wheat were all obviously declined （p 〈 0.05 ） , while the decline rate of the CF150 treatment was with 10.01% , 36.56% and 29. 17% respectively. The number of ears of wheat, ear length, grains per spike and the yield per unit area significantly declined （p 〈 0.05 ） , while the yield per unit area in the CF100 and CF150 treatment declined by 16.11% and 39.17% respectively, compared to control.