气象条件对西北温凉半湿润区马铃薯块茎形成及产量的影响

Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Potato Tuber Formation and Yield in Temperate and Cool Semi-humid Regions of Northwest China

利用西北温凉半湿润区马铃薯生长发育定位观测资料、加密观测和对应平行气象观测资料，应用农业气象统计分析方法，分析马铃薯块茎生长与气象条件的关系。结果表明：研究区域马铃薯播种到可收约需150～168d，需≥0℃积温2000～2300℃·d，降水量400～500mm，日照时数900～1100h；马铃薯在播种后第105天开始，块茎由缓慢生长转为迅速生长阶段，在播种后的第127天，块茎生长速度最大，播种后第149天开始，块茎生长从迅速生长又转为缓慢生长。气温对马铃薯产量形成除采收期外，均为负效应，块茎膨大期对气温变化十分敏感；降水量的影响函数同热量的影响函数呈反相位分布，除出苗期和采收期为负效应外，其余时段降水量对马铃薯产量形成均为正效应，马铃薯分枝-开花期对降水量变化十分敏感。

Based on the meteorological and potato growth data in the temperate and cool semi-humid regions of the Northwest China,the relationships between potato growth and meteorological conditions were analyzed by agro-meteorological statistical method. The results showed that the potato growth from the sowing to harvest required 150 - 168 days, The requirements for the accumulated temperature above 0℃ were about 2000 - 2300℃ , for the precipitation were about 400 - 500mm, and for the sunshine duration were about 900 - 1100 hours. The velocity of the potato tuber growth turned to higher velocity at 105 days after sowing, while it reached peak at 127 days after sowing. Then the potato tuber growth turned to a slower period at 149 days after sowing. The influence of the temperature on the formation of potato yields in the growing period was negative except in harvest period. During the tuber expansion period the potato was sensitive to the temperature. The effects of the precipitation on the formation of potato yields were positive except in emergence of seedling and harvest period. The sensitive period of the potato to the precipitation was in the bifurcation-unfold period.