《上海通俗语及洋泾浜》所见外来词研究

Loanwords in Slang and Pidgin in Shanghai

本文研究用上海话发音的外来词,语料主要来自《上海通俗语及洋泾浜》一书。全文分三部分。首先对《上海通俗语及洋泾浜》所录外来词进行分类比较,然后讨论上海话外来词的发展变化,并且比较研究上海话和粤语里的外来词。结论认为上海开埠后的一百年间外来词曾经非常发达,其中一部分为普通话或书面语大量吸收,但20世纪50年代后口语中的外来词大多废弃不用。近年来在香港产生的外来词在数量上大大超过上海。外来词在结构上有两大演变趋势,一是音节从简;二是音译义注词变成纯音译词。

The data of this paper mainly comes from Slang and Pidgin in Shanghai,a book published in 1945.The paper classifies the loan words in terms of meaning and structure and discusses their development and evolution.It also gives a comparative study of loan words used in Shanghai and Hong Kong.It shows that the Shanghai dialect was abundant in loan words in late 19 century and early 20 century,and many of them were absorbed by the Mandarin and written Chinese.Two tendencies of the development of the loan words could be found:the simplification of syllables and the change from the literal translation and transliteration hybrid to pure transliteration.