行政裁量的内在构造

On the Structure of Administrative Discretion

认清行政裁量的内在构造是认知并统制行政裁量的前提。从法的规范构造论和适用过程论来看,无论是法律要件之中对不确定法律概念的解释和对案件事实的评价,还是法律效果中决定的作出和措施的选择等,均存在着裁量,其本质均包含着对法律要件的解释判断,只是在裁量的自由度上有所差别。规范与事实之间的照应使得行政裁量成为一种可能,而规范与事实之间的不同使得行政裁量成为一种必要。行政裁量是行政主体在适用法律裁断个案时由于法规范与事实之间的永恒张力而享有的由类推法律要件、补充法律要件进而确定法律效果的自由。

Recognizing the structure of administrative discretion is a premise to cognize and control it. In the view of legal norm structure and the psychical process of applying legal norms, no matter interpreting uncertain legal concepts or evaluating case facts in the legal elements, or making a decision or choosing measures in the legal effect, there contain the administrative discretion. The same essence of discretion of both legal elements and legal effect exists in definition and supplement of legal elements. The difference of them is only the extent of freedom. Administrative discretion is the freedom to make legal effect certain by analogy and supplement of legal elements when administrative subject applies legal norms into case facts, the reason of which is the eternal tensility between norms and facts.