黄河调水调沙的效益——“黄河调水调沙的根据、效益和巨大潜力”之八

Benefits from Regulating Flow and Sediment Processes into the Lower Yellow River

2002-2006年黄河调水调沙的效益主要表现在：①加大了入海泥沙,使下游含沙量加大73.3%,达到了三门峡水库初期运用冲刷的水平。②冲刷降低了洪水水位。下游河道总冲刷量13.23亿t,仅及三门峡水库初期运用冲刷量的57.2%,而3000 m^3/s水位降低在高村以上相近,在艾山以下小浪底运用的水位降低明显好于三门峡初期运用的。特别是利津,前者水位下降1.00 m,后者抬高0.01 m。③进入下游河道流量在2500 m^3/s以上,保证了全河冲刷;同时尽可能避免了中、小流量,未出现山东河段的回淤,从而使全河造床流量均匀加大。④不仅消除了小浪底工程论证和初设阶段对＂冲黄河、淤山东＂的担心,而且使山东河段冲刷比例增加。较之三门峡水库运用初期艾山至利津的冲刷量及冲刷比例,均有明显增加。当然,调水调沙的最根本效益,是利用水动力普遍扩大了主槽,使平滩流量增加1800-2000m^3/s,改善了近900 km的河道,流量在1800-4000 m^3/s时洪水不上滩,产生了巨大的防洪效益,这在世界治河史上是没有的。

Benefits from regulating flow and sediment processes into the lower Yellow River in 2002-2006 are a) that more sediment load was delivered into the sea with the average sediment increased by 73.3%;b) that the channel of the lower Yellow River channel was lowered,about 1.0 m downstream of the Lijin hydrometric station;c) that with the released flow rate greater than 2 500 m3/s,the bed-forming discharge over the whole lower river was increased;d) that the concern that the channel in the Shandong Province would be in sedimentation has been eliminated.With the bankfull discharge increased by 1 800-2 000 m3/s,the flow of 1 800-4 000 m3/s didn't overflow the floodplains along the about 900 km lower Yellow River,which prevented the floodplains from being flooded successfully,which could not had happened without regulating the flow and sediment processes.