我国旧城更新改造中的产权问题研究

Research on Property Rights Issues in China Urban Renovation

本文认为,产权明晰是旧城更新改造规划得以有效实施的前提。产权失灵是过去制约城市规划干预效率的内在原因。根据当代产权制度多元化的趋势,今后我国旧城中应当鼓励公有、共有和私有产权的多样并存,而不应当片面地从一种制度极端(公有产权占绝大多数)骤然跃进到另一种制度极端(私有产权占绝大多数)。传统大规模更新的巨大惯性是在公有制转轨上形成的,要转向小规模、渐进式的更新方式,必须另外铺就一条合理的路径。私有产权的轨道上,只能容纳少部分受益者,而大量的弱势群体注定没有能力跟上这趟貌似充满效率的快车。只有兼顾效率和公平的共有产权制度,才有可能为旧城朝向"有机更新"方式的顺利转轨,提供坚实的路基。包括公共产权形式在内的多样化产权形式是旧城更新中的最好选择,它能够帮助我们实现社会保障和促进多样化的更新模式。

This article holds that clear property rights are the precondition of effective urban renovation program. The government should encourage the coexistence of state, public and private ownerships in future urban renovation rather than single ownership dominance. Traditional large scale renovation should give way to small scale and incremental renewal. Only the property rights system that is fair as well as efficient can achieve 'organic renovation' and help diversified renewal.