儿童下丘脑错构瘤的临床及影像学表现

Clinical and imaging features of hypothalamic hamartoma in children

目的为了提高对下丘脑错构瘤影像学和临床表现的认识,该文主要研究下丘脑错构瘤的临床特点、CT及MRI影像学表现。方法回顾性分析了38例下丘脑错构瘤的CT及MRI影像资料。其中男25例、女13例,发病年龄1个月至15岁。38例均进行了MR扫描,10例又进行了CT扫描。38例全部经手术、病理证实。结果主要临床表现为痴笑样癫癎、性早熟、其他类型癫癎(包括癫癎大发作及肢体抽搐等)和智力障碍。其中首发症状为痴笑样癫癎17例,性早熟13例,其他类型癫癎8例。影像学表现为脚间池占位,CT为等密度,MRI为等或稍长T1等或稍长T2信号影,增强扫描病变无强化。临床表现与病灶的大小以及是否有蒂无明显关系。结论儿童出现性早熟和/或痴笑样癫癎,影像表现为脚间池占位,CT等密度,MRI等或稍长T1等或稍长T2信号影,增强扫描病变无强化,此时应考虑到下丘脑错构瘤。

Objective To study clinical and imaging features of hypothalamic hamartoma in children. Methods Imaging findings and clinical manifestations of 38 children with hypothalamie hamartomas were retrospectively reviewed. The patients included 25 boys and 13 girls, ranging in age of onset from 1 month to 15 years. All the 38 patients were examined with pre-contrast and post-contrast T1 weighted MR imaging and with non-contrast T2 weighted MR imaging. Meanwhile, 10 patients received CT scan. Hypothalamie hamartomas were eonfimed by pathologic examinations in the 38 patients. Results Gelastic epilepsy, precocious puberty, other types of epilepsy and disturbance of intelligence were main manifestations in the 38 patients. Gelastie epilepsy was found as an initial clinical symptom in 17 cases, precocious puberty in 13 cases and other types of epilepsy in 8 cases. All masses were located in the suprasellar and iuterpeduncular cistein. They showed iso-density on CT scan, and homogeneous signal iso-intense to gray matter on T1 and T2 weighted MR images. With contrast MR images, there was no enhancement in the mass. The size or pedunculation of the mass was not correlated with clinical features. Conclusions Hypothalamic hamartoma may be characterized by precocious puberty and/or gelastic epilepsy and specific imaging findings mentioned above.