护士情绪劳动表现策略与自我效能的相关性分析

Correlation Between Emotional Labor Strategies and Perceived Self-efficacy of Nurses

目的了解护士情绪劳动表现策略与自我效能的相关性,为临床护理管理者制订措施减轻护士的情绪紧张和工作倦怠感提供依据。方法采用情绪工作量表(ELS)和一般自我效能感量表对389名护士进行调查。结果护士在情绪劳动中,最常采用的表现策略是自然表现,其次是深层表现,最后是表面表现;护士的自我效能感显著高于常模(P<0.01),不同自我效能感水平护士自然表现和深层表现得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);自我效能感与自然表现、深层表现呈正相关(均P<0.01),与表面表现无显著相关性(P>0.05)。结论自我效能高的护士更多运用自然表现与深层表现策略,提高自我效能水平可以增加自然表现和深层表现策略的运用。管理者应通过各种措施增强护士的自我效能感,使其在工作中能够更多地采用自然表现和深层表现策略调节情绪,提高心理应激水平。

Objective To investigate the correlation between emotional labor strategies and perceived self-efficacy of nurses, and to provide information for the managers to effectively reduce nurses＇ emotional tension and job burnout. Methods Emotional Labor Seale（ELS）and General Self-efficacy Scale were used to investigate 389 nurses. Results As for emotional labor, the most frequently adopted strategy by the nurses was natural acting, followed by deep acting and surface acting. The score of nurses＇ perceived selfefficacy was significantly higher than norms（P〈0.01）. Nurses with different levels of perceived self-efficacy scored significantly differently in natural acting and deep acting （P〈0.05 ,P〈0.01）. Perceived self-efficacy was positively correlated with natural acting and deep acting （P〈0. 01 for both） ,but not correlated with surface acting（P〉0.05）. Conclusion Nurses who have high self- efficacy tend to more frequently employ natural and deep acting strategies. Improvement of perceived self-efficacy can facilitate the employment of natural acting and deep acting. Measures should be taken to improve nurses＇ self-efficacy and allow them to adjust their emotion through natural acting and deep acting.