对发展关中平原循环农业的认识与实践

The Development and Practice of Circular Agriculture in the Guanzhong Plain

循环农业是近年来提出的一种新的农业发展理念，其理论框架及支撑其理论体系的实践例证尚处于争鸣与建构中。陕西关中平原作为历史悠久的传统农业区，过去几十年来已建立起以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制为特征的集约化农业生产，目前存在的最大问题是作物秸秆大都不能以合理方式返还农田。本文基于对关中地区农业发展现状的分析与思考，紧紧围绕循环农业所倡导的“4R”原则，提出以田块尺度的秸秆还田为主要纽带，以期连通农田生态系统中物质和能量的循环链，建立关中平原地区秸秆资源高效利用的农业循环生产模式和体系，为该区域农业可持续发展提供理论和现实依据。

Circular agriculture has recently been proposed as a new model for agricultural development. The theoretical framework and practical application of circular agriculture are still being determined. The Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province is a traditional agricultural area with a long history. Several decades ago, a double-crop system of winter wheat - summer corn was introduced to the area and the system has become a distinctive characteristic of intensive agricultural production. Currently, the greatest problem with this system is that there is no sustainable method for returning crop residue to the soil. This has blocked the normal cycle of substance and energy in the agroecosystem resulting in an imbalance in soil nutrients, a decline in soil fertility, and an increasing environmental pollution. In this article, we use the ＂4R＂ principles （Recycle, reuse, reduce, regulating） of circular agriculture to analyze the current state of agricultural development on the Guanzhong Ptain and propose ideas for the utilization of crop residue on farmland. As a result of these ideas, it is hoped that the circulation of substance and energy in the agro-ecosystem will be improved and become a standard for circular agricultural production and technology systems. Such standards would promote sustainable agricultural development in the region.