清末宪政失败的原因与社会基础分析

The Failing Cause of the Constitutional Lism in Late Qing Dynasty and Analysis of Social Base

内忧与外患以及新兴的社会力量是推动清政府开启宪政的主要原因。官僚、商人、士绅与知识分子在清末宪政运动中都发挥了各自不同的作用。在新政过程中产生的社会力量既是宪政的推动的力量,但由于清政府的保守性,也转化为推翻清政府的革命力量。因此,应当从社会基础层面反思清末宪政失败的原因。

Internal anxiety and external trouble, as well as burgeoning social force compelled Qing Movement to start the Constitutional government. Bureaucrats, merchantmen, esquires and intellectuals respectively played different roles in the Qing Constitutional Movement. In the course of the New Reform, new social force emerged. On one side, they were propellants of Constitutional Politics; on the other side, because of conservative character of Qing Government, they transformed to be revolutionary force to overthrow the Qing Government. Therefore, we should reflect the failing cause of the Constitutional Movement in the Late Qing Dynasty from the aspect of social infrastructure.