试论近代编译书局的兴起对湖北教育近代化的影响

Try to Discuss the Rise of Recent Compiled Bureau Exerting an Influence on the Modernization of Education in Hubei Province

近代湖北的编译事业起步于张之洞于光绪二十年(1894)开办的湖北译书局。光绪二十八年(1902),张之洞又提议创立了由两江和两湖地区合设的江楚编译局。湖北译书局、江楚编译局所编译的书籍特点有:一是以日文为媒介,翻译出版日本和欧美教育学书籍,以及实用的算学、武备、商务、农学等书籍;二是内容偏重教学理论书籍和教科书。这些教育书籍和实用书籍经湖北留日学生和日籍教师传播给两湖地区的新式学堂师生,并渗透到教育实践中,促进了两湖地区教育近代化变革。因此,近代湖北译书局、江楚编译局等编译机构和编译事业的兴起为湖北早期教育近代化作出了贡献。

Modern compiling cause in Hubei began with Hubei Translated Bureau in Guangxu 20 （1894） started by Zhang Zhidong. In Guangxu 28 （1902）, Zhang Zhidong also proposed to found Jiang and Chu Compiled Bureau which was the joint of the area of Jiangnan, Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei. The characteristics of the books compiled by Hubei Translated Bureau and Jiang and Chu Compiled Bureau are： first, by using Japanese, they translated and published the pedagogical books of Japanese and European and American, and they also did the books of practical arithmetic, arming, business and agriculture and so on; second, the content emphasized on teaching theoretical books and textbooks. This teaching and practical books were propagated to those teachers and students in the new school in Hunan and Hubei area and spilled over into educational practice by Hubei students in Japan and Japanese teachers, which promoted the modernization of education reform in Hunan and Hubei area. Accordingly, the rise of recent Hubei Translated Bureau and Jiang and Chu Compiled Bureau and other compiled institutions and causes contributed to early modernization of education in Hubei Province.