改革开放以来中国城市等级体系演变的基本特征

Evolution Characters of Urban Hierarchy System in China since the Reform and Opening-up

选取372个设市城市作为样本,在构建1987年、2005年城市规模数据集的基础上,对比分析了城市规模位序变动的特征,以此刻画近30年来中国城市等级体系演变的基本轮廓。研究发现:城市规模序列呈现大规模、大幅度的变动;城市位序变动随城市规模等级呈现分异特征,城市规模等级越小,城市位序变动越明显;城市规模增长还表现为明显的区域差异性。对变动幅度较大的138个城市进行典型观察,结果显示:成长明显的城市具有地域集中性,在交通沿线和沿海地区尤为突出,城市规模位序的提升与地区经济发展密切相关,部分旅游城市上升明显,而资源型城市则明显下降,城市的成长受行政性调整力量影响较大。

It is important and effective to investigate the rank changes of city sizes to research the evolution of urban hierarchy system of China. On the basis of comparison between two time sections of 1987 and 2005 ,it summarized the evolution characters of urban hierarchy system in China since the Reform and Opening-up： 1） greatly changing extent and large proportion of cities involved;2） evident gradient characters of different regions and provinces;3） changing dramatically of middle-and-small cities but no obviously of big cities. Apparently, there is differentiation among China＇ s cities between the transitional periods. The further research on the evidently changing cities is demonstrated as follows： 1） there are several regions where cities are collectively ascending;2） the evolution of China＇s urban hierarchy system is closely related to the regional economic development;3） some evidently ascending cities are distributed along the transporting lines and coastal line;4） the tourist cities ascend obviously,but resource-based cities descend commonly;5） city rank changes are influenced by the administrative forces. At last, the prospect was discussed.