青藏高原生态系统服务价值的遥感测算及其动态变化

Measurement and Dynamic Changes of Ecosystem Services Value for the Tibetan Plateau Based on Remote Sensing Techniques

基于1985年和2000年青藏高原的生态系统类型、NPP和植被覆盖度的分布,利用遥感和GIS技术,结合生态经济学模型,测算了青藏高原生态系统服务功能的经济价值及其动态变化。结果表明:1)在生态系统服务价值构成中,气候调节价值>有机物质生产价值>土壤保持价值>涵养水源价值>营养物质循环价值;2)在不同生态系统类型中,草地服务价值所占比例最大,森林的单位面积价值最高;3)生态系统服务价值在水平方向上受降水和植被分布影响较大,自东南向西北递减,在垂直方向上受地形影响较大,1985—2000年青藏高原生态系统服务的单位面积价值和总价值都在提高。

Based on the characteristics of ecosystem types, NPP and vegetation coverage on the Tibetan Plateau,adopting remote sensing and GIS techniques, integrating with methods of ecology-economics, the value of ecosystem services for the Tibetan Plateau and its dynamic change were measured in this paper. The results showed that： 1） on the total value composition of ecosystem services, the value of climate regulation〉 the value of land vegetation＇ s primary productivity〉 the value of soil and fertilization conservation〉the value of vegetation water conservation〉 the value of nutrient cycling;2） in different vegetation types, the value of grassland was the most important in all the ecosystem services and the per-pixel value of forest was higher than that of other ecosystems;3） in horizontal distribution, the value of ecosystem services decreased from southeast to northwest,and its distribution was greatly impacted by precipitation and vegetation distribution; in vertical distribution, the distribution of ecosystem services value was impacted by different landforms;4） the per-pixel value and the total value of ecosystem service in the Tibetan Plateau were increasing from 1985 to 2000.